Intelligence artificielle et psychopathologie

Intelligence artificielle et psychopathologie implications pour la clinique et la recherche

Le Pr David Cohen nous expose dans cette vidéo de la 8^ème Journée du C3RP, diverses études et projets concernant l’apport de l’intelligence artificielle à la réhabilitation. Captation réalisée le 28 juin 2019 au GHU Paris psychiatrie & neurosciences.

Quelques diapositives :

⁽¹⁾ Intelligence artificielle et psychopathologie implications pour la clinique et la recherche

David Cohen, Mohamed Chetouani

Service de Psychiatrie de l’Enfant et de l’Adolescent
Institut des Sytèmes Intelligents et Robotiques, CNRS UMR 7222
GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris France

Meltzoff et al, Science, 2009

http//:speapsl.aphp.fr

⁽²⁾ Intelligence artificielle et interaction

L’intelligence artificielle permet d’améliorer l’interaction humain-machine en adaptant l’interaction aux utilisateurs, en prenant en compte leurs individualités mais aussi leurs états affectifs, leurs capacités cognitives et sensori-motrices, leurs intentions, leur culture…

De nombreux travaux visent à modéliser une interaction avec un ou des agents virtuels ou physiques capables de s’adapter dynamiquement aux besoins et états affectifs des utilisateurs pour améliorer non seulement les performances du système mais aussi la qualité de leur expérience avec le système (déterminée par leur engagement, leur degré de confiance, etc).

Les agents virtuels ou physiques sont dotés de capacités proches de celles des humains :

percevoir,
comprendre les intentions,
raisonner,
prendre des décisions,
montrer des affects,
des intentions,
etc.

Ils peuvent déterminer une stratégie pour mener l’interaction, communiquer par la voix, les gestes, le regard, les expressions du visage mais aussi par le toucher.

De telles interactions humain-machine demandent de prendre en compte les signaux multimodaux émis par l’humain, de les reconnaitre et de les interpréter (ce que l’humain dit, comment il le dit, ce qu’il fait..), de raisonner et décider quoi répondre, de générer une réponse multimodale, de définir des stratégies d’interaction.

Catherine Pelachaud

⁽³⁾ What is a serious game ?

« digital games and equipment with an agenda of educationnal design and beyond entertainment »

Socio emotional skills

Golan & Baron-Cohen, Dev Psychopathol, 2006	Golan et al., J Autism Dev Disord, 2010
Hopkins et al., J Autism Dev Disord, 2011	Serret et al., Molecular Autism, 2014

Neurocognitive skills

Whalen et al., Autism, 2010	Whalen et al., Autism, 2010
Grynszpan, Martin, & Nadel, Interact Stud, 2007	Travers et al., Educ Train Autism Dev Disab, 2011

Grossard et al., Cog Comp 2017
Grynszpan et al., Autism, 2014

^(4-6) Robots still used with children with autism in 2017-2018 ?

	Description	Targeted skills
Nao N=15	50 cm tall 25 degrees of freedom 2 cameras Microphones Speakers Touch sensors LEDS Sonars Wi-Fi and ethernet connection Software allows personalization Can be used in classroom, hospital,…	Joint attention Imitation Turn taking Eye contact Pointing Basic academic skills Facial expressions Verbal communication Improve spontaneous social interaction Improve robot response to children’s affective state and engagement Support interaction Support simple facial and body expressions, gestures and speech. Learn about socially acceptable tactile interaction Imitation Turn taking Collaboration skills Hygiene or food learning
Kaspar N=4 Kaspar	Semi-autonomous oftware allows creation of new scenarios Child sized Touch sensors Head, arm and hand movements Customizable Speaker
Charlie N=1	Low cost (200 USD) 2 degrees of freedom in arms 2 degrees of freedom in the head 1 webcam 1 speaker Can be connected to a PC via USB Can detect hands and head	Joint attention Imitation Turn taking
Teo N=1	80 cm tall 2.5 hour autonomy Possibility to stick different faces magnetically Dedicated to children with ASD Distance sensors Touch sensors 1 camera Autonomous reactions but can also be driven by an operator Can move and speak	Teo is used in the krog project [57] as a companion for the child during game sessions on a large screen. It reacts when it is touch.
Riby N=1	The new version of TEO robot Dedicated to adult with ASD 130 cm tall	Engaging interaction
Alice N=2	9 cm tall 32 degrees of freedom with 11 degrees of freedom in the head where 8 are for facial expression and 3 for the neck movements Speaker	Facial expression production Facial expression recognition Imitation
QT robot N=1	Screen at his face 14 degrees of freedom for upper-body gestures 3D camera 1 microphone Connection by Wi-Fi	Training emotional abilities Body language Increasing the efficiency of therapy by encouraging an active and engaged interaction
IRobiQ N=1	45 cm tall Speakers 1 touch screen Touch sensors Sonars sensors IR sensors 1 RGB camera in the head LEDS	Irobiq showed the following four emotions with the different shapes of its mouth: happiness, sadness, surprise, and shyness. It is a commercial robot that had access to many children’s songs that were accompanied by adjustable arm movements
Caro N=1	93 cm tall 1 touch screen Touch sensors Depth camera RGB camera LEDS	Caro is specially designed to engage in emotional interplay that was focused on emotions that are expressed through the eyes for children with ASD
Kiliro N=2	Semi-autonomous 2 degrees of freedom in each leg Head can move down, up, right and left Tail can move right and left One speaker attached on the robot	Improve learning and social interaction abilities